The welfare of the elderly becomes one of the emerging problems in Asia, whose baby boomers are about to become the elderly. Few studies, however, have addressed their "potential Need" for social welfare that is expected to rapidly rise soon after retirement. The potential need of these...

This paper investigates whether smokers exhibit greater time discounting than non-smokers, and how short-term nicotine deprivation affects time discounting. A unique feature of our experiment is that our subjects receive rewards not only of money, but also of actual tobacco. This is done in...

This paper investigates whether smokers exhibit greater time discounting than non-smokers, and how short-term nicotine deprivation affects time discounting. A unique feature of our experiment is that our subjects receive rewards not only of money, but also of actual tobacco. This is done in...