As digital technologies rapidly transform global economies, the digital financial inclusion index (DFII) has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth, particularly in developing regions. In the context of China, where regional economic disparities persist, the expansion of digital...

Global population aging trends are intensifying, presenting multifaceted economic and social challenges for countries worldwide. As the world's largest developing country, China has entered a phase of extreme demographic aging, posing significant questions about its impact on the ongoing...

This paper addresses an important and challenging issue as how best to model nonlinear asymmetric dynamics and cross-sectional heterogeneity, simultaneously, in the dynamic threshold panel data framework, in which both threshold variable and regressors are allowed to be endogenous. Depending on...