Parallel imports are genuine products imported into the United Kingdom without the consent of the intellectual property … (IP) rights holder, often taking place when there is a price or availability difference between markets. Parallel import … markets. The UK historically allowed parallel imports based on a principle of international exhaustion of rights. This changed …

This article describes the problems of certification and declaration of parallel imports; proves that the certification … of parallel imports is a very negative process for quality standards and from the marketing point of view is nothing but … misleading consumers; proves that the logistics of parallel imports leave no chance for quality products to reach the final …

Parallel imports have been treated very differently in different countries. In the EU, competition law's very strong … (per se) prohibition of restrictions to parallel imports (PI) can be justified by traditional "public interest" concerns …