-randomly” assigned. We investigate what selection mechanisms are compatible with the parallel trends assumptions underlying DiD. We … derive necessary and sufficient conditions for parallel trends that clarify whether and how selection can depend on time …-invariant and time-varying unobservables. We also suggest a menu of interpretable primitive sufficient conditions for parallel …

Parallel imports of gray products across markets are a worldwide concern for manufacturers. Extant research has focused … on parallel imports of regular goods that do not provide status value. In this paper, we investigate parallel imports of …, though parallel imports decrease a manufacturer's profit from selling regular goods, it can increase its profit from selling …

Background: The aim was: i) to quantify the direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden during a period … parallel imports on list prices became smaller in absolute size when sellers were allowed to give discounts to pharmacies …, parallel imports had a market share of 16% and were on average 9% cheaper than locally sourced drugs, which yielded a direct …

This paper investigates how network externalities affect parallel imports and profits. In a three-country model, a … multinational manufacturer produces locally and sells through local distributors in two countries. Parallel imports between two … network externalities and transport costs jointly determine the volume of parallel imports. Furthermore, compared to limits on …

parallel market, or complement it via scale effects. I study migrants crossing without prior authorization at the US southwest … parallel market, even net of scale effects. This deterrent effect explains approximately 9 percent of the overall variance in …

implications for the implementation of local pricing for evolving blockchain architectures, including parallel transaction …

freely tradable currencies to circulate in parallel. For this parallel system to function properly, confidence in the good … which a parallel currency system disciplines the issuers of the currencies and thus maintains their purchasing power. In non …

We use dynamic programming, finite elements, and parallel computing to design and evaluate two-dimensional financial … numerical (but not a statistical) error and a state (but not a time) discretization. Parallel computing is used to speed up the …