We develop a multi-sector structural trade model with emissions from production and a con- stant elasticity of fossil fuel supply function to simulate the consequences of unilateral withdrawals from the Paris Agreement. Taking into account both direct and leakage effects, we find that a US...

The need to reform EU funding and recent political developments such as Brexit and the withdrawal from the USA from the 2015 Paris climate agreement could revitalise the debate about the introduction of border carbon adjustments (BCA) for the European emission trading system (ETS). The...

References -- Appendices -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Effective policy framework to deal with carbon leakage -- What is carbon leakage and how to evaluate the risk? -- -- Identification of Nordic industries at risk of carbon leakage -- Executive summary.

This technical paper investigates the potential economic and environmental outcomesassociated with the use of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement by participating countries.The extent to which countries use Article 6, and how they use it, will be informed by design choices agreed upon by...

This report explores the potential employment and economic impacts of an EU transition to a low-carbon economy by 2030 - on the EU, and on other regions of the world. It analyses the impacts across sectors and occupations, with a particular focus on manufacturing. The report highlights that the...

This report explores the potential employment and economic impacts of an EU transition to a low-carbon economy by 2030 - on the EU, and on other regions of the world. It analyses the impacts across sectors and occupations, with a particular focus on manufacturing. The report highlights that the...

This paper considers the impacts of "finance blending" whereby climate finance is added to international carbon markets for offset trading. The paper first discusses climate finance and the carbon market as free-standing finance solutions by high-income countries to increase mitigation in...