With growing worldwide trade, container terminals have grown in number and size. Many new terminals are now automated to increase operational efficiency. The key focus is on improving seaside processes, where a distinction can be made between single quay crane operations (all quay cranes are...

For overlapping operations, the ALVs may need to process an unload transaction after processing a load transaction or vice versa. In such situations, the ALVs have to move from one QC location to another QC location or from one SC location to another SC location. In this section, we adopt the...