Purpose - This paper explores how COVID-19 has impacted the shift from public participation by conventional means to e-participation. Specifically, we investigated to what extent COVID-19 has been a driver for electronic participation in community participatory budgeting, which is a kind of...

The Local Development Councils (LDCs) feature a significant participatory governance function in local policy development, as local government units (LGUs) are mandated to constitute LDCs with members from civil society organizations (CSOs). While the Department of the Interior and Local...

This paper investigates the role of gender bias in artificial intelligence-driven analyses of citizen participation, using data from the 2023 Latinobarómetro Survey. The paper proposes that gender bias-whether societal, data driven, or algorithmic-significantly affects civic engagement. Using...

Women's political participation is essential for robust democratic governance. Despite significant historical progress, women around the world continue to be marginalized in politics and decision-making processes due to persistent structural, cultural, and institutional inequalities. In times of...

We exploit education reforms in Sweden and other European countries to estimate the causal effects of longer and modernized compulsory education on civic engagement. In most countries, compulsory education was extended by 1-2 years, and the curricula were reformed to better foster democratic and...

This paper investigates how concurrent national and local elections affect the local political participation and competition. Leveraging a quasi-experimental framework provided by Italy's staggered electoral timing, the paper employs a difference-in-differences design. Estimates reveal that...