Numerous studies have explored the role of technological innovation in the development of nations. However, these studies often focus predominantly on countries in the Global North, overlooking the interplay between government, industry and university - the Triple Helix helices, and...

Telecommunication provides the infrastructure to deliver core services but contributes to extensive CO2 emissions. To address the problem, this paper introduces environmental sustainability index for the telecom sector to reduce carbon emissions. The present work identifies the most critical...