well as the magnitude, of the impact of the various income sources on the ER polarization index. A simple empirical …This paper proposes a simple algorithm based on a matrix formulation to compute the Esteban and Ray (ER) polarization … index. It then shows how the algorithm introduced leads to quite a simple decomposition of polarization by income sources …

well as the magnitude, of the impact of the various income sources on the ER polarization index. A simple empirical …This paper proposes a simple algorithm based on a matrix formulation to compute the Esteban and Ray (ER) polarization … index. It then shows how the algorithm introduced leads to quite a simple decomposition of polarization by income sources …

European countries. A novel job polarization index (JPI) is proposed to measure imbalanced job polarization. It takes into …

thresholds and for each featured polarization index. …

periods ranging from six to thirteen years. The study uses three loyalty measures: polarization index (φ), average brand share …