Economic activity has rebounded strongly on the back of waning COVID-19 infections and expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. However, strong import growth-fueled by the macroeconomic policy mix, higher international commodity prices, and credit growth-have led to a marked deterioration of...

Uruguay entered the pandemic with solid institutions and social cohesion but growing macroeconomic imbalances-especially slow economic growth and weak public finances-as the end of the last commodity price boom in 2014 uncovered structural weaknesses. A new government came to power in March 2020...

Austria entered the crisis from a strong position. Prudent policies prior to the pandemic provided significant policy space. Several lockdowns helped contain the virus but significantly impaired the economy. Real GDP contracted by 6.3 percent in 2020 and declined further in early 2021. The 2021...

The COVID-19 pandemic inflicted another major shock on the economies of Curacao and Sint Maarten, which followed category 5 hurricanes in Sint Maarten in 2017 and the spillovers of the Venezuelan crisis on Curacao. Despite the substantial response measures financed by The Netherlands, the...

Uzbekistan embarked on an ambitious reform path in 2017, starting to liberalize its economy after years of state control. Incomes are still relatively low compared to other emerging economies. Uzbekistan entered the COVID-19 crisis with relatively strong macro-economic fundamentals

Die Erhöhung der Mehrwertsteuer (MwSt.) auf Fleisch und tierische Produkte wird seit einiger Zeit als mögliches Instrument diskutiert, um den Fleischkonsum auf ein umweltfreundliches Niveau zu senken und gleichzeitig den Tierwohlaspekte zu begünstigen. In diesem Zusammenhang muss jedoch...

Die Erhöhung der Mehrwertsteuer (MwSt.) auf Fleisch und tierische Produkte wird seit einiger Zeit als mögliches Instrument diskutiert, um den Fleischkonsum auf ein umweltfreundliches Niveau zu senken und gleichzeitig den Tierwohlaspekte zu begünstigen. In diesem Zusammenhang muss jedoch...

Commitment to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is a segment of students' positive or negative behavior in the academic community. We define the negative behavior as students' commitment to plagiarism and copyright violation. The overall objective of this paper is to give a recommendation to...

Commitment to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is a segment of students’ positive or negative behavior in the academic community. We define the negative behavior as students’ commitment to plagiarism and copyright violation. The overall objective of this paper is to give a recommendation...