This paper examines the link between historical political fragmentation and surplus agricultural production, and the … tubers, specifically yams, were more likely to have higher levels of local political fragmentation. I show that both tubers … cultivators who were more likely to be centralized, tuber cultivators were likely to have more local political fragmentation. I …

This paper examines the link between historical political fragmentation and surplus agricultural production, and the … tubers, specifically yams, were more likely to have higher levels of local political fragmentation. I show that both tubers … cultivators who were more likely to be centralized, tuber cultivators were likely to have more local political fragmentation. I …

States over the period 1980-2000. We measure state-level political fragmentation with an inverse Herfindahl index for party … vote shares in the state legislature. Our results show that political fragmentation distorts fiscal policy: it entails … higher spending, lower revenues, and higher public debt. At the disaggregated level, political fragmentation leads to higher …

: increasing political fragmentation and localism. When explaining localism, the number of inhabitants, regional diversity and the …

: increasing political fragmentation and localism. When explaining localism, the number of inhabitants, regional diversity and the …

agricultural output, which leads to a higher political fragmentation. We introduce a spatial measure to quantify state planners … highest political fragmentation in European history. We find that differences in the observability of agricultural output …