To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with a common disease in a case control genome-wide association study (GWAS), powerful yet robust tests are desirable. Current available robust approaches in this area are mainly based on the optimal trend tests for some...

Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4⁺ T cell counts in patients are associated with their progression rates to AIDS. After initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, these two variables display time-dependent dynamic changes with particular patterns well described by mathematical functions....

Case-control studies of genetic polymorphisms and gene-environment interactions are reporting large numbers of statistically significant associations, many of which are likely to be spurious. This problem reflects the low prior probability that any one null hypothesis is false, and the large...

The avoidance of familiar individuals as mates can act to maximize the benefits of polyandry or might help to minimize inbreeding in small or highly philopatric populations. As previous mates are also familiar, the effects of familiarity and mating history can often be confounded. Here, we...