Fertility rates have declined dramatically across almost all highincome countries over the past decades. This has raised concerns about future economic prospects. Indeed, fully- and semi-endogenous growth models imply that a shrinking workforce would lead to declining income growth and perhaps...

The European Union is experiencing profound demographic shifts. This paper presents an analysis of observed population trends encompassing observations for the period 2000-2022 and projections until 2040 at the NUTS3 level. The projections were obtained by regionalizing the 2021 Ageing Report's...

The European Union is projected to enter a period of population decline after 2026, with implications for economic development and labour markets, though these will vary because of different trends in different EU countries. Between 2023 and 2050, Eastern and Southern EU countries will face the...

This paper relates to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13. We uniquely investigate a population growth-energy-emissions persistence trilemma in Africa. This study contributes to the literature and policymaking by determining the effect of population growth and energy...

While the Draghi report primarily focuses on increasing labour productivity, it also makes a compelling case for mitigating the decline in the workforce by using the untapped potential of labour force participation and employment. Forward-looking analyses of the EU labour force require taking...

The EU population is set to decline due to lasting low levels of fertility in the near future. Without migration from third Countries, the EU population would have started to decline already about a decade ago. However, the demographic landscape across Member States is complex: migration is...