The prevalence of energy poverty as a major challenge in numerous countries, the escalating energy crisis that generates supply fears and increased prices, and the need to build just supporting mechanisms within the net zero energy transition add impetus to improving our ability to accurately...

The prevalence of energy poverty as a major challenge in numerous countries, the escalating energy crisis that generates supply fears and increased prices, and the need to build just supporting mechanisms within the net zero energy transition add impetus to improving our ability to accurately...

The paper discusses the main issues related to negative and zero incomes that are relevant for the measurement of poverty. It shows the prevalence of non-positive incomes in high- and middle-income countries, provides an analysis of the sources and structure of these incomes, outlines the...

The paper discusses the main issues related to negative and zero incomes that are relevant for the measurement of poverty. It shows the prevalence of non-positive incomes in high- and middle-income countries, provides an analysis of the sources and structure of these incomes, outlines the...

In this paper, we present new Proxy Means Test (PMT) models for targeting based on the 2017 household survey data (EDAM4). The paper finds that the developed PMT models, with separate targeting formulas for rural and urban areas, appear to perform well vis-a-vis inclusion and exclusion errors...