African countries are natural resource-rich. The continent has natural forests, homes of endemic biodiversity and various ores. This richness brings hope for sustainable and inclusive development in a continent whose population is rapidly growing. It also raises fears of environmental...

Protected areas (PAs), which restrict economic activities, are the leading land and marine policy for ecosystem conservation. Most contexts feature different types of protection that vary in their stringency of management. Using spatially detailed panel data for 1986-2018, we estimate PAs’...

The inclusion of non-monetary payments may be appropriate in developing countries. In this paper, we depart from this previous literature by adopting a non-excluding approach between two payment alternatives, which we claim is appropriate in urban, middle-or high-income settings. We adopt two...

Many government agencies operate with fewer personnel than they need to perform effectively. Yet little research has explored how agencies might allocate their personnel so as to maximize performance with the personnel they have. I address this gap through a study of Brazil’s federal protected...

The objective of this research paper is to identify and appraise the factors determining impacts of nature tourism in a tourist destination. The villages of Bhilangana Valley in Garhwal Himalayas have been selected for this study. The paper enumerates the physical, economic and social-cultural...