Intra-Industry Trade implies similar trade specialisation and is often associated with product differentiation. Differentiation depends on either quality or characteristics and two-way flows can be divided accordingly. If quality matters, we can measure relative quality of exports and imports....

This paper estimates sectoral demand functions for Italian imports from European Union countries, Japan, Canada and United States. Evidence of two-way flows and product differentiation is an accepted regularity of international trade. We have tried to include considerations of differentiation in...