Critical technologies including artificial intelligence, semiconductors and quantum computing are attracting attention because of their indispensable nature and their role in national security strategies. We compare China, the United States and the European Union in these technologies and their...

Competition in critical technologies is attracting increasing attention not only because of the foundational nature of these technologies for other types of innovation, but also because of their role in the United States national security strategy. In this paper, we look into which entities in...

Critical technologies including artificial intelligence, semiconductors and quantum computing are attracting attention because of their indispensable nature and their role in national security strategies. We compare China, the United States and the European Union in these technologies and their...

Competition in critical technologies is attracting increasing attention not only because of the foundational nature of these technologies for other types of innovation, but also because of their role in the United States national security strategy. In this paper, we look into which entities in...

"This chapter briefly introduces the origins, elements, and fundamental themes of quantum computers. In Section 1.1 we recount how successive observations by different scientists led to the concept of quantum computing. We also review the potential applications that propelled quantum computing...

Particle trapping in multi-state quantum walk on a circle is studied. The time-averaged probability distribution of a particle which moves four different lattice sites according to four internal states is calculated exactly. In contrast with “Hadamard walk” with only two internal states, the...