Setiawan, Maman; Indiastuti, Rina; Hidayat, Achmad K.; … - In: Journal of open innovation : technology, market, and … 7 (2021) 2, pp. 1-12
This research investigates the relation between research and development (R&D) expenditure and the industrial …. This research finds that the percentage of R&D expenditure is relatively low in the industry. There is also a declining … trend in the percentage of the R&D expenditure from the period 1994-1995 to 2017. The higher industrial concentration …