, particularly in the historical context and the reforms advocated by the International Monetary Fund. It assesses and addresses the … structural reforms. The findings highlight the complex interplay between political power, economic control, and international …-oriented reforms targeting economic growth. …

scrutiny on central banks following the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper finds no halt in the momentum of central bank reforms. I … document a total of 370 reforms in central bank design from 1923 to 2023 and provide evidence of a resurgence in the commitment … to central bank independence since 2016. These findings suggest that the slowdown in reforms witnessed post-2008 was a …

older worker labor force participation. The paper explores the effect of past reforms on inequality in old age. We … reforms for a fixed retirement age distribution. The behavioral effect accounts for the endogenous change caused by changes in … the incentives to work. Our results show that mechanically, reforms have led to losses in expected benefits for all but …

On the labour markets, recent decades were characterised by structural supply-side reforms in many countries. Following … its hawkish reforms from the 2000s, Germany has recently made a dovish turnaround. Conditions in basic income support for …

Over decades, public procurement in Tanzania experienced critical reforms; however, not much is known about the reforms … public procurement reforms, practices, and compliance in Tanzania. By employing a systematic literature review, the study … governance over public procurement has also been established by these reforms. Despite these positive contributions, certain …