that the policy response to German unification costs – including labour-market reforms aimed at regaining lost cost …

reforms linked to the RRF have the potential to increase the level of euro area gross domestic product (GDP) by around 0 … contribution of structural reforms to these output effects is expected to increase over time, while the initially prevailing impact … of RRF-funded public expenditures fades away. We provide tentative empirical evidence that reforms have started to …

We develop a theory of tax reforms for a setting with multi-dimensional heterogeneity amongst taxpayers and multiple … characterization of the conditions under which Pareto- or welfare-improving tax reforms exist. We focus on one application, the … theorems with this analysis yields sufficient statistics for the existence of Pareto- or welfare-improving tax reforms. In the …

educational reforms that increased minimum education requirements as a source of exogenous variation in education levels …. Instrumental variables estimates suggest that, for people affected by the reforms, an additional year of schooling has no effect on …

educational reforms that increased minimum education requirements as a source of exogenous variation in education levels …. Instrumental variables estimates suggest that, for people affected by the reforms, an additional year of schooling has no effect on …