This paper examines European public research and development (R&D) subsidies that support precompetitive development (PCD), which is R&D up to and including a prototype. The research seeks to determine How effective these subsidies have been and whether European practice has been influenced by...

[From the Introduction]. EPSCoR and STRIDE provide a unique opportunity for collaboration between the United states and the European Economic Community. EPSCoR - the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research - is operated by the National Science Foundation (NSF) with the aim of...

[From the Introduction]. EPSCoR and STRIDE provide a unique opportunity for collaboration between the United states and the European Economic Community. EPSCoR - the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research - is operated by the National Science Foundation (NSF) with the aim of...