Natives often fear that competition from foreigners in labour markets will cause wages to fall and unemployment to rise. These effects might actually be realized if natives and immigrants were substitutes. If they are complements, however, the result might be rather different. This paper...

Natives often fear labor market competition of foreigners, as they may induce declining wages and rising unemployment as in the case of natives and immigrants being substitutes. However, there is also the potential that they are complements, producing positive wage and employment effects. This...

Native blue collar wokers often fear the competition of foreigners, as they may induce declining wages and rising unemployment. This has to be expected if natives and immigrants were substitutes. Substitutability might even be greater between foreign labor already in Germany and those newly...