LetAbe annbynmatrix whose elements are independent random variables with standard normal distributions. Girko's (more general) circular law states that the distribution of appropriately normalized eigenvalues is asymptotically uniform in the unit disk in the complex plane. We derive the exact...

It is well known that non-normality plays an important role in asset and risk management. However, handling a large number of assets has long been a challenge. In this paper, we present a statistical technique that extends Principal Component Analysis to higher moments such as skewness and...