explanatory variables. Accordingly, we compile a real-time data set for Germany including the Bundesbank?s own estimates of … potential output and use it to reestimate the Bundesbank?s reaction function. We find that the use of real-time data …

period of time. In this paper we present a data base consisting of various vintages of real-time data from 1993Q1 to 2003Q4 … based on real-time data versus final data and assess the consequences for monetary policy if policy was conducted using this …

develop a modified Taylor rule based on (quasi-)real time data for the euro area. We find that modified Taylor rules based on … (quasi-)real time data and an interest rate smoothing term give a good description of monetary policy in the euro area during … using final data to estimate a Taylor rule, while in reality only (quasi-) real time data are available, does not lead to …

required in the instrument set for every time period. We use a single consistent source for 'real-time' data on the past … time data' in the sense of what were the most recently available estimates of the then present and past. Finally we review … time data indicate that the balance of expectations formation was more forward than backward-looking; (3) by contrast using …

We use a range of simple models and 22 years of real-time data vintages for the U.S. to assess the difficulties of …

general equilibrium model. We find that a simple updating rule based on an estimated Kalman filter model using real-time data … using real-time data describes economists’ long-run productivity growth forecasts during these periods ex- tremely well. We …, E32, D83, O40. Keywords: DGE models, Kalman- lter, Real-time data, Learning, Productivity growth. 1 Introduction An …