Background Biosimilars are biologic drugs that have the potential to increase the efficiency of healthcare spend‑ ing and curb drug‑related cost increases. However, their introduction into hospital formularies through initiatives such as non‑medical switching must be carefully orchestrated...

Objective: This study aimed to apply the previously validated severity index for rheumatoid arthritis (SIFRA) to prevalent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) groups in Turkey and determine the effect of RA severity on health care costs and biologic use. Methods: This retrospective study used the Turkish...

We report on the real-world use over the course of one year of a nickel-metal-hydride plug-in hybrid—the Toyota Plug-In HV—by a set of 12 northern California households able to charge at home and work. From vehicle use data, energy and greenhouse-emissions implications are also explored. A...