Explicit and implicit incentives and opportunities for mutually beneficial voluntary cooperation co-exist in many contractual relationships. In a series of eight laboratory gift-exchange experiments, we show that incentive contracts can lead to crowding out of voluntary cooperation even after...

The glass ceiling still exists in the workplace, where women face barriers to achieving a higher career path. One of the obstacles comes from the organizational environment in the form of gender stereotypes, which make it increasingly difficult for women to occupy managerial positions. In this...

Explicit and implicit incentives and opportunities for mutually beneficial voluntary cooperation co-exist in many contractual relationships. In a series of eight laboratory gift-exchange experiments, we show that incentive contracts can lead to crowding out of voluntary cooperation even after...