Since the 1970's, American inner cities, particularly in the northeast, have undergone significant economic, structural and aesthetic changes. Many cities with predominantly blue collar work forces have found it difficult to adjust to the changing demands of the market place. An economic...

Cities across the country face the problem of brownfields. A majority of these are located in communities of color and low-income that have historically had less access to the political process and to decisions that directly affect them. Political scientists, policy scholars and planners have...

Brownfield programs are intended to achieve three goals: reduce environmental hazards, spur economic growth, and address social justice concerns. Ideally, projects should generate profit for private parties who undertake such activities. Thus, brownfields can potentially serve as prototypes for...