wage penalty of 10%. This penalty is stable over time. Separating by the type of the social contact, we find that referrals …, referrals from friends are associated with a 7% wage penalty. Our results highlight persistent self-selection of workers on …

wage penalty of 10%. This penalty is stable over time. Separating by the type of the social contact, we find that referrals …, referrals from friends are associated with a 7% wage penalty. Our results highlight persistent self-selection of workers on …

New firms do not yet have employees who can aid recruiting by referrals, but entrepreneurs can recruit workers they … know to their startups—in effect making their own referrals. We consider new firms in Brazil's formal sector founded …