Adoption of international standards and investment in research and development (R&D), can be seen as two possible paths to support enterprises' sustainable innovation and technological progress. This study argues that some aspects of R&D investment and certification to international standards...

This paper focuses on the pay level of the highest paid executive directors, which we label as “Executive Director's Organizational Level” (henceforth EDOL), to raise the question if highest paid CEOs invest heavily in innovative projects. Two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions show that...

This paper focuses on the pay level of the highest paid executive directors, which we label as "Executive Director's Organizational Level" (henceforth EDOL), to raise the question if highest paid CEOs invest heavily in innovative projects. Two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions show that...

While research and development (R&D) expenditure is crucial in a nation's competitive advantage, factors determining levels of public investment in R&D have yet to be examined. This paper seeks to fill this void, focusing on different democratic institutions such as presidential versus...