Background: Road transport companies utilize transport capacities as fixed compositions of tractors and semi-trailers, while the possibility of exchanging semi-trailers is considered ad hoc, after some unforeseen circumstances emerge on the route. Such an approach is a limiting factor in...

This paper analyses how the European Central Bank (ECB) can incorporate climate change considerations into its implementation of monetary policy. It reviews the impact of climate shocks on inflation, and the instruments available to decarbonise the ECB's asset and collateral portfolio. The paper...

We discuss reasons why traditional rural communities may be reluctant to voluntarily relinquish their access to land despite being compensated at market prices, thereby limiting the scope for reallocating land to more productive uses in agriculture or urban development. Owing to financial market...