Purpose -The purpose of this article is based on the unit patent license fee model in the closed-loop supply chain. Design/methodology/approach - This paper analyzes the impact of the bundling strategy of the retailer selling new products and remanufactured products on the closed-loop supply...

Purpose The management issues of this article, and the author is attempting to address these issues, are as follows: What is the optimal decision of each entity in the closed-loop supply chain for the cascading utilization of power batteries under three government measures: no subsidies,...

Background: One of the ongoing challenges in freight transport operations is to balance efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability through the integration of sustainable practices to minimize the environmental impact. When it comes to truck payload and sustainability, the emphasis is on...