In this study, we propose a mathematical model of a 4D clustered traveling salesman problem (CTSP) to address the cost-effective security and risk-related difficulties associated with the TSP. We used a multiparent-based memetic genetic algorithm to optimize paths between all clusters and...

In this paper I present a new approach to rural-to-urban migration in developing countries. This approach sheds new light on the role of urban-to-rural remittances in bringing about technological change in the agricultural sector of these countries. At the core of the new approach is a utility...