about a coastal region, and the effect of roughness length. We calculate the Monin–Obukhov length for division of … order to calculate the roughness length in coastal region, three different methods are applied in terms of the surface … roughness length scales sufficiently showed the effect of obstacle and surface conditions around the measurement position. On …

roughness length (z<Subscript>om</Subscript>) based on a fixed function of height estimated from LAI (Leaf Area Index) that …

roughness length have been also investigated as an estimate for neutral stability conditions only, resulting in overall mean …

moisture transfer are needed to significantly impact the intensity forecast; (iv) the different roughness length formula for … by a factor of ten; (4) setting the roughness lengths for heat and moisture transfer to 1/10 of the momentum roughness … length; and (5) cooling the sea surface temperature (SST) by a prescribed rate at high winds. Averaged responses for the six …