This paper shows that foreign aid has a signicant positive average effect on real per capita GPD growth if, and only if, the quantitatively large negative reverse causal effect of per capita GDP growth on foreign aid is adjusted for in the growth regression. Instrumental variables estimates...

In this note it is shown that the index coefficients and location parameters in the standard triangular binary-choice model are identifed under an assumption of symmetry on the joint density of the latent disturbances. Identifcation of average effects follows. The implied restrictions suggest...