The European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA) includes interoperability requirements for messaging services but not for personal social networking platforms. These gatekeeper platforms have seen little increase in competition under the DMA. Interoperability requirements - meaning different...

Topological network analysis is an advanced tool for revealing customer satisfaction in marketing research and other fields. The university sector plays a vital and competitive role in contributing to a country's development. Students are regarded not only as a source of income but also as a key...

Purpose: The study aims to examine China's rising technological influence in Africa within the context of Industry 5.0 and how it compares to traditional powers like the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Design/methodology/approach: Utilising an innovative patent network analysis...