fiscal policy to finance expanded social spending in South Africa. We assess three methods to enhance the social protection …

emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs, and … baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output …

Purpose: Social spending is at the forefront of the tools used to repair the damage caused by the global epidemic … eliminating unemployment? The primary purpose of this article is to provide empirical evidence on the impact of social spending on … been divided into four categories according to their spending intensity to determine the effects of social spending on the …

-cyclical social spending, other categories of social spending also show signs of responding to the business cycle. …