According to the German Federal Statistical Office, 2.9 million people in Germany had a Turkish migration background in 2022. Thus, Turkey represents one of the most important countries of origin for migrants in Germany. In the last decade, however, Turkey has also become an important transit...

We study the effect of the adoption of automation technologies - industrial robots, and software and databases - on the incidence of atypical employment in 13 EU countries between 2006 and 2018. We find that industrial robots significantly increase atypical employment share, mostly through...