With growing cities and improving infrastructure all over the world, smallholder farms not only gain better access to agricultural markets but also off-farm labor markets. As a result, the opportunity cost of farm labor increases, and households' livelihood portfolios often become more complex,...

The UK finds itself in an unfortunate economic and fiscal bind. Living standards have endured an unprecedentedly long stagnation. Taxes are at record levels for the UK (though remain lowto-middling by European standards). Public services are showing visible signs of strain and are, in many...

This paper compares living and working conditions in the U.S. and Germany for the year 2022 with a focus on economic, social and environmental standards. Twelve dimensions of comparison are used, split into 15 themes, which are examined with 80 indicators. Subjective indicators based on polls or...

Since the 1960s, global societies have experienced a decline in both fertility and mortality rates; this trend has led to rapidly aging populations worldwide. In such a scenario, aging populations have become a significant challenge, especially for developing Asian economies where both...

This study is an attempt to locate deprived areas and explore the causes of spatially concentrated deprivation in Iran as a developing country. A systematic review was conducted of geographical and place‐based analyses that considered multiple deprivation, and deprived parts of the country...