Rating standards affect risk-taking behavior of firms. We present a model that explains firms' selection of target ratings and their best response to a rating standard change, which prompts some firms to increase the risk. We then test the main predictions of the model using a natural experiment...

Third-party skill certification is widely used in many markets, online and offline, to address the ubiquitous information asymmetry between workers and employers. In online labor markets, however, the usefulness of third-party certification is not yet fully established in that some leading...

Academics and practitioners agree there are substantial barriers to systematically transferring audit research knowledge to policymakers. We adopt a design science approach to investigate the efficacy of employing a research synthesis to transfer academic research knowledge to audit standard...

The QoG Standard data-set is our largest data-set. It consists of approximately 2500 variables from more than 100 data sources.In the QoG Standard CS data-set, data from and around 2012 is included. Data from 2012 is prioritized, however, if no data is available for a country for 2012, data for...

The QoG Standard data-set is our largest data-set. It consists of approximately 2500 variables from more than 100 data sources.In the QoG Standard CS data-set, data from and around 2013 is included. Data from 2013 is prioritized, however, if no data is available for a country for 2013, data for...

The QoG Standard data-set is our largest data-set. It consists of approximately 2100 variables from more than 100 data sources.In the QoG Standard CS data-set, data from and around 2014 is included. Data from 2014 is prioritized, however, if no data is available for a country for 2014, data for...

The QoG Standard data-set is our largest data-set. It consists of approximately 2100 variables from more than 100 data sources.In the QoG Standard CS data-set, data from and around 2015 is included. Data from 2015 is prioritized, however, if no data is available for a country for 2015, data for...

Patent marking is used by patentees to provide a form of notice to the public about the existence of a patent and can increase damages awarded in cases of infringement. Historically, marking is done by listing the associated patents on the product they cover. Virtual patent marking (VPM), or web...