standardization and localization. The authors describe the challenges faced by two retail giants, Walmart and Carrefour, as they … well‐known standardization of operations, whereas Carrefour has better adapted to the Chinese economic culture. Issues … two leading global retailers as they attempt to resolve the paradox presented by the competing demands for standardization …

the degree of standardization for firms who enter a new market directly. In the context of international business market … entry, much research emphasis has been placed upon the issues of standardization versus modification. Generally, however … variables that influence standardization/modification decisions in a framework comprising “firm or company context” and “host …

climate disclosure in Australia; reporting practices; and the demands for increased disclosure and standardization of that … related information and greater standardization of reporting. Several potential policy options for doing this are assessed …

preferences. Practical implications – Practical implications in terms of standardization versus differentiation of marketing mix …

services, multiple standardization policy and population density are the main factors affecting their initial diffusion. Our …

electronic signature, interoperability and standardization. The national e-Government portal works successfully. Its free and … methods as information modeling and the forms of standardization - unification and typification. These innovative decisions …