Purpose Tourist confidence plays an important role in people’s decision-making, including decisions related to consuming tourism products. However, little research has explored this concept in depth to provide proper guidance on its operation and measurement. This paper aims to explore the...

Purpose Consumer choice theory (CCT) and the law of diminishing marginal utility help to explain shoppers that value less and prioritize needs. Additional units provide a marginal return on investment. Buying more does not mean equivalent gains for additional money spent. The researchers...

Purpose This study aims to measure the absolute impact of corporate citizenship actions on the operable elements of the public image by developing an adequate and parsimonious instrument. Design/methodology/approach Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used, where initially a...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for measuring housing quality in the context of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The inductive and deductive approaches for item generation have been combined, and items have been purified using multistage expert review. Data was...

Purpose Despite the immense popularity of WhatsApp, there needs to be more reliable and valid scales for identifying and measuring users' motivation behind frequent WhatsApp status updates. This study explores the underlying motivations of users in updating their WhatsApp statuses and develops a...