No firm or sector of the global economy is untouched by innovation. In equilibrium, innovators will flock to (and innovation will occur where) the returns to innovative capital are the highest. In this paper, we document a strong empirical pattern in green patent production. Specifically, we...

During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude...

This paper attempts to examine the product innovation by R&D subsidies policies in a supply chain by supplier. This study derives a model for a supplier’s product innovation R&D subsidies policy. The product innovation of supplier can contribute to the long-term competitiveness for the supply...

We analyse whether research funding contests promote co-authorship. Our analysis combines Scopus publication records with data on applications to the Marsden Fund, the premiere source of funding for basic research in New Zealand. On average, and after controlling for observable and unobservable...

Since the mid-twentieth century, big-science research infrastructure (RI) has become an indispensable component in modern scientific research. Yet little is known about how emerging countries can use these expensive infrastructures to improve their indigenous innovation and catch up with...

Developing AI technology requires data. In many domains, government data far exceeds in magnitude and scope data collected by the private sector, and AI firms often gain access to such data when providing services to the state. We argue that such access can stimulate commercial AI innovation in...

Unlike in many other countries, in Bulgaria, there is no comprehensive analysis of the governance, state, efficiency and evolution of the system of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS). This chapter presents the results of a large-scale study on the governance, efficiency, and...

The US National Park System includes 63 national parks encompassing diverse environmental and tourism management regimes, together governed by the 1916 Organic Act and its dual mandate of conservation and provision of public enjoyment. However, with the introduction of transformative science...

Universally, as a key and essential driver of accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) are recognized as a fundamental ingredients (Anand and Kedia 2015). There is a growing appreciation that in a multifarious ways, STI can drive inclusive...