In this paper it is shown that climate models are characterized by uncertainty and its causes are pointed out. It is well known that a higher greenhouse gas concentration raises the radiative forcing of the earth and the physics behind it is well understood. However, as regards the feedback...

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Aragón's Regional Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3) 2014-2020 by applying Social Network Analysis (SNA) to a comprehensive dataset of regional, national, and European competitive public projects involving Aragonese entities between...

A key element in the transition to net zero carbon emissions is increasing the use of renewable energy, especially wind and solar energy, and scaling up energy storage sustainably to enable their greater use. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of scaling up renewable energy...

This paper examines how China’s growing research capabilities impact global research universities across scientific fields. Using bibliometric data from 1980 to 2020, we assess the effects of the "China shock" on high-impact publications, novel concepts, and citation patterns. Our analysis...

The aim of this paper is to determine the factors affecting technological collaborations among EU regions, focusing on the role of their technological profiles. We consider the population of EU NUTS2 regions and analyse the inter-regional collaborations in EPO patent applications and in EU...

We examine the accessibility and functioning of the patent system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state that existed between 1815 and 1830. The country's patent law combined an examination process with significant government discretion over a patent's duration and cost. Using our...