Follow the leader (FTL) algorithm is a newly developed optimization algorithm inspired by a sheep's movement within a flock. FTL has been successfully implemented to solve power prediction problems. However, the probability of falling in local optima is high due to randomness in the step...

Workflow scheduling aims to optimize task allocation and execution in cloud-fog​ computing environments. Finding an optimal algorithm for workflow scheduling poses a significant challenge due to the complexity and variability of tasks and resources involved. Although meta-heuristic algorithms...

Passengers must use a set of modes and vehicles to reach their destination in complicated urban structures. Choosing an optimal route is a complicated optimization problem for these passengers. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the routing problem in the urban...