From European integration to domestic politics to the development of the global economy, technocracy and private ordering have shaped economic behaviour. Such transformative private-driven forces of economic activity flourished through the promulgation of voluntary standards. In view of the...

Why do for-profit firms take voluntary steps to improve the environment? Brand appeal to green consumers or investors, the ability to influence or avoid regulation, or the experience gained for future regulation, have all been suggested as possible reasons. The empirical evidence is decidedly...

Climate change is one of the main challenges to economic development in the 21st century. One proposed solution to mitigate climate change is to create a global market mechanism to incentivize greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) reduction where some parties may purchase verified emissions reductions...

The countervailing effect of MiFID II’s unbundling provision, which requires brokerages to separate research costs from trading execution costs, on the capital market has led to controversies about its efficacy and its potential rollback. In this paper, we examine the role of firms’...

The touchstone of antitrust compliance is competition. To be legally permissible, any industrial restraint on trade must have sufficient countervailing procompetitive justifications. Usually, anticompetitive horizontal agreements like boycotts (including a refusal to produce certain products)...

Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) offer opportunities for companies and stakeholders to improve environmental outcomes valued by society in the absence of regulatory mandates. Research has addressed numerous antecedents for firm adoption of VEPs, enhancing knowledge of how stakeholders and...

The Paris Agreement called for voluntary cooperation between firms, NGOs, and the state, to meet global climate goals. This study examines the development of voluntary carbon projects (VCPs) in Iceland - a country aiming to be carbon neutral by 2040. There is little empirical evidence on what...