EU authorities have come to engage with transnational private standards in the domain of sustainability in forms which are different from the traditional interplay based on agency relations and incorporation by reference. This phenomenon is evident in the domain of global value chain...

Firms pursue third-party certification to private standards to reduce firm-level information asymmetries of certain unobservable characteristics and thus obtain legitimacy. However, when the private standard’s legitimacy dilutes, those same firms have reasons to abandon certifications...

This essay examines the main characteristics and shortcomings of mainstream social media responses to vaccine misinformation and disinformation. Parts I and II contextualize the recent expansion of vaccine information and disinformation in the online environment. Part III provides a survey and...

Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) offer opportunities for companies and stakeholders to improve environmental outcomes valued by society in the absence of regulatory mandates. Research has addressed numerous antecedents for firm adoption of VEPs, enhancing knowledge of how stakeholders and...

The Paris Agreement called for voluntary cooperation between firms, NGOs, and the state, to meet global climate goals. This study examines the development of voluntary carbon projects (VCPs) in Iceland - a country aiming to be carbon neutral by 2040. There is little empirical evidence on what...

Our study focuses on the value relevance of corporate voluntary carbon disclosure. Our sampleincludes firms from the United States (listed in the S&P 500) and firms from Brazil, Russia,India, and China that are targeted by the CDP. We examine whether the capital marketrewards firms’ voluntary...

We study to what extent consumers forego personal gains to avoid or reduce the harm their choices impose on others. In the absence of regulation, such voluntary compensation provides a way for consumers to internalize negative externalities on their own. However, the tangibility of consumption...

The Paris Agreement aims at limiting the global average temperature increase to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels. A key component of the agreement are "nationally determined contributions" (NDC). For this, non-state actors such as civil society groups, economic actors, and subnational...