Intrusion of seawater into coastal aquifers is considered one of the most important processes that degrade water-quality by raising the salinity to levels exceeding acceptable drinking standards. Therefore saltwater intrusion should be prevented or at least controlled to protect groundwater...

Barrages are hydraulic structures constructed across rivers to divert flow into irrigation canals or power generation channels. The most of these structures are founded on permeable foundation. The optimum cost of these structures is nonlinear function of factors that cause the seepage forces...