The exact distribution of a quadratic form in n standard normal variables, Q; say, (or, equivalently, a linear combination of independent chi-squared variates) is, except in special cases, quite complicated. This has led to many proposals for approximating the distribution by a more tractable...

The challenges of implementing circular supply chains (CSCs) are well documented, but their characterization in public sector supply chains is unavailable. Thus, this paper closes such a gap by viewing it as a multiple criteria sorting (MCS) problem. Following a systematic literature review of...

Time-consistency is a key feature of many important policy problems, such as those relating to optimal fiscal policy and optimal monetary policy. It is also important for private-sector decision-making through mechanisms such as quasi-geometric discounting. These problems are generally solved...