1991-2018 dataset, we argue that higher levels of transfer and borrowing dependence (soft budget constraints) from the … responsibility. We find that rural public employment measures are conducive to lower levels of fiscal responsibility. Soft budget … constraints constitute a key structural feature of Indian federalism. …

when the real controllers of listed SOEs enter the list of SCIOCs, soft budget constraints are alleviated and listed …

hard than in developed countries. The soft budget constraints (SBC) in socialist economies were not pervasive, as most …

hard than in developed countries. The soft budget constraints (SBC) in socialist economies were not pervasive, as most …

soft budget constraints is seen to undermine China’s long-term growth potential. …

measures. We argue that these unconventional monetary policy measures created soft budget constraints for the Eurozone …

was a combination of external rents and soft budget constraints on the state-owned part of the economy backed by a strong …