This paper examines the stimulative effect of central bank forward guidance—the promise to keep future policy rates lower than its policy rule suggests—when the short-term nominal interest rate is stuck at its zero lower bound (ZLB).We utilize a standard New Keynesian model in which forward...

This article describes how project managers are faced with the conflicting criteria to make their decisions. In many real-world conditions, it may be difficult to get certain information about activities attributes, including time, cost, risk, and quality. In this case, interval type-2 fuzzy...

Linear Methods are often used to compute approximate solutions to dynamic models, as these models often cannot be solved analytically. Linear methods are very popular, as they can easily be implemented. Also, they provide a useful starting point for understanding more elaborate numerical...

This paper provides first and second-order approximation methods for the solution of non-linear dynamic stochastic models in which the exogenous state variables follow conditionally linear stochastic processes displaying time-varying risk. The first-order approximation is consistent with a...